Re-evaluating some data on the rule of the Fars Atabegs in Abdullah Shirazi’s Tājziyat al-Amsār wa Tazjiyat al-Āsār (or Tārīkh-i Wassaf)
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Abstract
The Fars province, integrated into the Seljuk Empire through Oghuz-Turkmen migrations, was administered by Turkic authorities for nearly two centuries and retained significant strategic and cultural importance throughout the medieval period. Under Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan (1063–1072), the province was administered by appointed governors (naibs) for eighty-five years, maintaining relative stability but facing challenges from internal rebellions, local powers such as the Shabankara, and external rivals including the Seljuks of Kerman. The weakening of Seljuk authority, coupled with continued Oghuz-Turkmen settlement, facilitated the rise of the Salghurid (or Salur) Atabegs, who ruled Fars independently for approximately 120 years. Their governance marked a period of political consolidation, economic growth, and cultural flourishing. Architectural and infrastructural projects – including madrasas, mosques, caravanserais, bridges, bazaars, and hospitals – enhanced urban life, promoted scholarship and the arts, and reinforced Fars as a regional center. Drawing primarily on Abdullah Shirazi’s Tajziyat al-amṣār wa-tazjiyat al-aʿṣār (Tārīkh-i Wassāf) alongside other contemporary sources, this study reassesses the political, social, and cultural developments of the period. It emphasizes the Salghurid Atabegs’ pragmatic strategies in navigating Mongol incursions, preserving local governance, and maintaining stability while fostering economic and cultural growth. The findings demonstrate that the Salghurid dynasty not only restored political order but also initiated enduring transformations in the cultural and material life of Fars, leaving a legacy that continued beyond their decline. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of Fars as a vibrant political, social, and cultural centre under both Seljuk and Salghurid rule, highlighting the province’s significance in the broader context of medieval Turkic history.
How to Cite
Bayramli, Z., & Pashaoglu (Nasirov), N. (2026). Re-evaluating some data on the rule of the Fars Atabegs in Abdullah Shirazi’s Tājziyat al-Amsār wa Tazjiyat al-Āsār (or Tārīkh-i Wassaf). The Oriental Studies, (97), 51–82. https://doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2026.97.051
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Keywords
Atabegs of Fars, Salghurids, Seljuk Empire, Oghuz-Turkmen, Abdullah Shirazi, Tārīkh-i Wassāf
References
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Jackson P. (2002), “Wassāf”, in P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs (eds), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Vol. XI: W–Z, Brill, Leiden, p. 174.
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Storey C. (1936), Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey, Section II, London.
Ibn al-Athir ʿIzz al-Din (2010), The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kāmil fī’l-ta’rīkh. Part 2: The Years 541–589/1146–1193 – The Age of Nūr al-Dīn and Saladin, translated by D. S. Richards, Ashgate.
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Juvaini A. M. (1997), The History of the World Conqueror, translated by J. A. Boyle, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
Kafesoğlu İ. (1984), Harezmşahlar Devleti Tarihi, TTK Yayınları, Ankara.
Lane G. (2003), Early Mongol rule in Thirteenth-century Iran, Routledge Curzon, London and New York.
Merçil E. (1991), Fars Atabegleri Salgurlular, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara.
Merçil E. (2009), “Salgurlular”, in TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Vol. 36, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, pp. 29–31.
Merçil E. (2013), Müslüman-Türk devletleri tarihi, Bilge Kültür Sanat.
Özgüdenli O. G. (2006), “İlhanlı Tarihine Ait Yeni Bir Kaynak: Târîh-i Vassâf’ın Müellif Nüshası”, TTK Belleten, Vol. LXX, Issue 258, pp. 501–22.
Özgüdenli O. G. (2012), “Vassâf”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi, Cilt 42, pp. 558–9, available at: https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/vassaf (accessed 30 November 2025).
Pfiffer J. (2007), “Turgid history of the Mongol empire in Persian: Epistemological reflection concerning a critical edition of Tajziyat al-amṣār va tazjiyat al-a‘ṣār”, in J. Pfiffer and M. Kropp (eds), In Theoretical Approaches to the Transmission and Edition of Oriental Manuscripts, Orient Institute, Beirut, pp. 107–29.
Rashiduddin Faḍlullāh (1998), Jamiʻuʾt-tawarikh. Compendium of chronicles: A history of the Mongols, Vols I–III, translated by W. M. Thackston, Harvard University, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard.
“Salghurids” (1995), In C. E. Bosworth (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, E. J. Brill, Leiden, p. 979.
Spuler B. (1987), “Atābakān-e Fārs”, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. 2, Fasc. 8, London, pp. 894–6.
Spuler B. (2011), İran Moğolları, translated by C. Köprülü, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınevi, Ankara.
Uygur T. (2021), “Şebânkâreler ve Selçuklular Zamanında Fars Bölgesindeki Faaliyetleri”, USAD, No. 14 (Bahar), pp. 195–230.
Qazwini Hamdullah Mustawfi (1913), The Tārīkh-i-Guzida, translated by E. G. Browne, Gibb Memorial, London.
Gülmez A. (2023), “Salgurluların Fars ve Basra Bölgesindeki Siyasi, İktisadi ve Bayındırlık”, Faaliyetleri. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 1441–53.
Köymən M. A. (1991), Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu Tarihi: İkinci İmparatorluk Devri, Ankara.
عبدالله بن فضلالله وصاف. (1269). تاریخ وصاف. با اهتمام محمد مهدی اصفهانی. تهران: انتشارات کتابخانه مجلس.
وصّاف، عبدالله بن فضلالله. (1346). تحریر تاریخ وصّاف. به اهتمام عبدالمحمد آیتی. تهران: کتابخانه مجلس.
شبانکارەای، م. ب. (1363). مجموعالأنساب. به تصحیح میرهاشم محدث. تهران: مؤسسه انتشارات امیرکبیر.
زرّوب شیرازی، ا. ع. (1230). شیرازنامه. به کوشش دکتر امین واعظ جوادی. تهران: بنیاد فرهنگ ایران.
میرخواند، م. ب. (1358). روضة الصفا. تهذیب و تلخیص دکتر عباس زریاب. تهران.
REFERENCES
Tizengauzen V. G. (comp.), Romaskevich A. A. amd Volin S. L. (eds) (1941), Sbornik materialov, otnosiashchikhsia k istorii Zolotoĭ Ordy. Tom 2: Izvlecheniia iz persidskikh sochineniĭ, Moscow and Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, pp. 80–9. (In Russian).
Aydoğmuşoğlu C. (2022), “12. Yüzyılda Fars Eyâleti”, in F. Korkmaz (ed.), 9. Milletlerarası Türkoloji Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, pp. 143–58. (In Turkish).
Aktaş Y. (2020), “Salgurlular’da Naibe Türkan Hatun ve Atabeg Abiş Hatun’un İdaresi”, Mavi Atlas, Vol. 8 (2), pp. 490–506. (In Turkish).
Al-Baydāwī Q. N. A. S. (1930), Nizām-ut-Tawārīkh, Historical Textbooks Series, No. 1, Tārīkh Press, Hyderabad-Deccan. (In Turkish).
Bartold W. W. (1928), Turkestan down to the Mongol Invasion, The Oxford University Press, London.
Bosworth C. E. (1968), “The Political and Dynastic history of the Iranian world”, in J. A. Boyle (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 5, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bosworth C. E. (1996), The New Islamic Dynasties, Columbia University Press, New York.
Bosworth C. E. (2011), The History of the Seljuq State: A Translation with Commentary of the Akhbar al-dawla al-saljuqiyya, Routledge, London.
Bosworth E. (1995), “Salghurids”, in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Vol. VIII, E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 978–9.
Bruno de Nicola (2017), Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206–1335, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
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